Abstract

Calcium forms the important mineral component of the living system and any alterations in the calcium level may predispose to variety of conditions. Therefore, proper level of calcium in body is thus to be maintained. Being important mineral composition of the body, the various aspects of calcium has been characterized. Relatively, low irritation unlike other nanomaterials, calcium has now been used in nanotechnology. Literature with respect to immunotoxic and cytotoxic effect of calcium nanoparticles is not much cited. However, nanoparticles are known for their smaller size and higher reactivity. The effect of calcium nanoparticle on immunity was taken into focus in the present study. Wistar rats of either sex of 6 weeks age were divided into two groups of control and treatment and nanocalcium was administered daily for a period of 90 days by oral gavaging. Immunopathological alterations occurred/ encountered due to nanoparticle administration were recorded and the correlation was obtained on calcium nanoparticle being immunotoxic or non- immunotoxic. Various parameters of evaluation was involved, Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), Absolute Leucocyte Count (ALC), Serum Globulin, Serum gamma globulin, Lymphocyte Stimulation Test (LST), Macrophage function test (MFT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The alteration in the level of T-cell and B-cell population was evident of the immunotoxic and cytotoxic effect of calcium nanoparticles. But still much more research into the aspect is needed. Calcium nanoparticles like other metal nanoparticles have resulted in some of the similar results in the present study. As calcium nanoparticles are being used in gene therapy, drug delivery, vaccine adjuvants and many more, henceforth, immunopathological alteration due to calcium nanoparticles might help in knowing the varied aspects of calcium in-vivo.

Abstract

Polymicrobial infections tend to be more complex and results in aggressive forms of diseases that often exhibit multi drug resistanWound dressing is an integral technique of animal care in various studies involving animal models. This post-operative technique often determines the mortality and morbidity of the animal used and also influences experimental outcomes. Post auricular surgical wounds presents a challenge for dressing on account of presence of sense organs in the vicinity. Rats are also prone to damaging the dressing and the underlying sutures. Hence, an appropriate technique for dressing the region is vital for successful surgical outcomes. Literature on dressing of post auricular surgical wounds in rats are scarce. The present work describes in detail the wound dressing technique in adult Wistar rats developed by the authors. A total of 14 animals were used for the study and with this technique, the wrap around the incision was found to be intact till the next day of post-operative dressing. The wound healing process appeared to be normal with no visible signs of infection at the incision.

Abstract

A Review on thermal settings in laboratory animal facilities based on published data, national and international guidelines- An archetype approach to evaluate and ensure welfare and to maintain validity of animal studies.

Abstract

An adult male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) presented a malocclusion of teeth/ jaw with slight swelling in the upper mandible in particular on right upper canine with diffused growth in the lower incisor and was showing progressive loss in the weight of the animal. Histopathology of the biopsied tissue confirmed the lesion as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). The animal was treated with Vincristine sulphate for three consecutive days two weeks apart. During and after treatment, there was gradual reduction in the growth with some changes in hematological parameters and weight. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common oral neoplasia in many species including macaques. Treatment with Vincristine sulphate has a good response to prolong the life of the animal.

Abstract

BALB/c strain is the most commonly used animal research mouse model in biology/Bio-medical research. From BALB/c strain many of inbred, congenic and transgenic models were established and being used for the betterment of humans as well as domestic animals. At CSIR-IIIM, Jammu animal house facility conducted study for evaluation genetic diversity of inbred lines of BALB/c strain. Animals were maintained in SPF condition with routine health monitoring. Selection was conducted based on growth and reproduction performance of the mothers. Four selected lines and an unselected control line were maintained throughout the experiment. After, 20th generation of full sib mating, we obtained three different lines. All the three lines of BALB/c strain shows standardized litter size of 8 pups at birth. All line mice were genotyped by using established 14 pair of microsatellite markers and genetic diversity analysis. The Effective number of alleles was reported 1.021±0.016 in overall experimental population. Shannons Index for within lines was 0 and among lines was 0.019±0.014. The Estimated Diversity (u) was 0 for within lines, 0.052 ±0.036 for control lines and 0.013±0.009 for among population. Polymorphic information content (PIC) observed in D11Mit260 marker. Line1 was showing very little Genetic distance with Line 2 (0.154) followed by control line (0.114) and Line 3 (0.074). Control line and Line 2 showed very close genetic distance (0.010). It is concluded that BALB/c strain has no diversity within line and has very little diversity between lines after 20th generation of full-sib mating.

Abstract

Animals are used in research to study some of cell structures and physiological and pathological processes. The results obtained are correlated to the human body. The acute toxicity study of the fractions and isolated pytoconstituents of hemidesmus indicus was performed as per OECD guidelines 425 at a dose of 4000mg/kg. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of hemidesmus indicus leaves in experimental animals using in vivo model like carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method and invitro method like Inhibition of albumin denaturation. In this method, the rats were tested with oral administration of ethanolic extract of hemidesmus indicus leaves as a test drug.